AA1 – Mechanisms of Life

Project

AA1-6

Data-Driven Modeling from Atoms to Cells

Project Heads

Frank Noé, Cecilia Clementi (since January 2021), Christof Schütte

Project Members

Maaike Galama (since 01.11.2022), Paolo Andrea Erdman (12/2020 – 12/2022), Simon Olsson (until September 2020)

Project Duration

First funding period: 01.01.2019 – 31.12.2020; Second funding period: 01.01.21 – 31.12.2022; Third funding period: 01.11.2022 – 31.10.2025

Located at

FU Berlin

Description

Living and reconstituted biological systems involve a large range of time- and lengthscales. These scales are coupled, e.g., a single-point mutation that changes only a few atoms in a protein can disrupt the biochemical processes this protein is involved in and eventually cause fatal damage to the organism, e.g., in cancer and other diseases. To make matters even more difficult, most subcellular processes operate below the diffraction limit: Light that does not damage biological matter cannot resolve structures smaller than 250 nanometers – thus any process involving molecules or other small cellular structures cannot be directly visualized.

As a result, no single simulation model or experiment can provide a complete analysis of biological systems that reveals all scales. Hence, there is a large zoo of (often ad hoc) simulation and measurement techniques that each probe different scales and make different approximations or accept different kinds of biases or uncertainties (Fig. 1). The small lengthscales below the diffraction limit have the additional complication that the variables of computer simulations cannot be directly validated by observation, as experiments on these scales can only access expectation values or time-series of low-dimensional experimental observables.

The MATH+ proposal cites two main challenges for AA1 that exist on each of these scales: the timescale barrier and the accuracy barrier. The timescale barrier means that, at each of the high-resolution scales, a direct simulation of the complete system (e.g. cell or organism) over functionally relevant timescales is computationally unfeasible. In this project we focus on the accuracy barrier. Citing from the MATH+ proposal:

The accuracy barrier is related to the fact that every model of life processes is inherently parametric. Especially models that operate at higher levels of resolution, (…) such as in cellular processes, cannot guarantee an accurate description with a general and transferable parameter set, as there are missing degrees of freedom. To address this problem, hybrid models that couple different resolutions are required, and systematic data integration techniques that are able to incorporate measurements at all levels of resolution are critical.

This central problem of AA1 is directly addressed in the present project. More concretely, we ask: How can we optimally estimate the model parameters of simulation models by combining simulation and measurement data at different scales? This question is, as yet, not addressed in a unified and systematic approach that is reproducible, testable and applicable over many or all scales. Existing approaches from other areas are only partially transferable because of the stochastic nature and observability limits of life science processes.

Project Webpages

Selected Publications

  • J Wang, S Olsson, C Wehmeyer, A Pérez, NE Charron, G De Fabritiis, F. Noé, C. Clementi: Machine learning of coarse-grained molecular dynamics force fields. ACS Central Sci. 5, 755-767 (2019)
  • J Hermann, Z Schätzle, F Noé: Deep neural network solution of the electronic Schrödinger equation. Preprint arXiv:1909.08423 (2019)
  • M Hoffmann, F Noé: Generating valid Euclidean distance matrices. Preprint arXiv:1910.03131 (2019)
  • S Klus, BE Husic, M Mollenhauer, F Noé: Kernel methods for detecting coherent structures in dynamical data. Chaos 29, 123112 (2019)
  • J Köhler, L Klein, F Noé: Equivariant Flows: sampling configurations for multi-body systems with symmetric energies. Preprint arXiv:1910.00753
  • F Noé, S Olsson, J Köhler, H Wu: Boltzmann generators: Sampling equilibrium states of many-body systems with deep learning. Science 365, eaaw1147 (2019)
  • F Noé, A Tkatchenko, KR Müller, C Clementi: Machine learning for molecular simulation. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 71, 361-390 (2020)
  • L Raich, K Meier, J Günther, CD Christ, F Noe, S Olsson: Discovery of a hidden transient state in all bromodomain families. BioRxiv Doi:10.1101/2020.04.01.019547 (2020)
  • F Noé, G De Fabritiis, C Clementi: Machine learning for protein folding and dynamics, Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 60, 77-84 (2020)
  • J Wang, S Chmiela, KR Müller, F Noè, C Clementi: Ensemble Learning of Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Force Fields with a Kernel Approach. J. Chem. Phys. (in press, preprint arXiv:2005.01851)
  • R Winter, F Montanari, F Noé, DA Clevert: Learning continuous and data-driven molecular descriptors by translating equivalent chemical representations. Chem. Sci. 10, 1692-1701 (2019)
  • R Winter, F Montanari, A Steffen, H Briem, F Noé, DA Clevert: Efficient multi-objective molecular optimization in a continuous latent space. Chem. Sci. 10 (34), 8016-8024 (2019)
  • M Dibak, C Fröhner, F Noé, F Höfling. Diffusion-influenced reaction rates in the presence of pair interactions. J. Chem. Phys. 151, 164105 (2019)
  • F Paul, H Wu, M Vossel, BL de Groot, F Noé: Identification of kinetic order parameters for non-equilibrium dynamics. J. Chem. Phys. 150, 164120 (2019)
  • R Winter, J Retel, F Noé, DA Clevert, A Steffen: grünifai: Interactive multi-parameter optimization of molecules in a continuous vector space. Bioinformatics (2020)

Selected Pictures

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